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A container ship catches fire in the Arabian Sea. Your cargo is in a hold that never burned, on a vessel you do not own, in a casualty you had nothing to do with. Weeks later you receive a demand for 54 percent of the value of your goods before anyone will release them. That is not a mistake and it is not extortion. It is general average, one of the oldest surviving principles in commercial law, and the demand is enforceable. For cargo interests it is the single most surprisi

Every towing vessel subject to Subchapter M holds a Certificate of Inspection, and every COI was obtained through one of two routes. The Coast Guard issues the certificate either way. What differs is who verifies compliance, how often, and on whose schedule. Operators frequently treat this as a procedural detail settled once at the start of the phase-in and never revisited. It is not. The choice determines your annual cost structure, your exposure to scheduling risk, the amou

[Photo by Bayu Tiyo on Unsplash] Ask a bunker buyer who they bought their last stem from and you will usually get a company name. Ask what that company's role was in the transaction and the answer is less certain than it should be. The confusion is widespread and it is not the buyer's fault. The three roles in marine fuel supply are genuinely distinct in law and in risk, but the market presents them inconsistently, some companies perform more than one, and the commercial conv

Fuel is sold by mass and, for most of the industry's history, delivered by volume. That single mismatch is the origin of nearly every quantity dispute in bunkering, and it is the gap that decades of tradecraft have been built to exploit. The stakes have risen with the price. With VLSFO running past $910 per metric ton in the spring of 2026, a two percent discrepancy on a mid-sized stem costs upward of $15,000 before the vessel has left the berth. Service providers who conduct

Most operators treat renewal as a price negotiation. The broker goes to market, quotes come back, and the conversation is about which number is lowest and whether last year's terms can be held. That framing misses where the leverage sits. By the time quotes are being compared, the underwriter has already formed a view of the risk, and that view was built from the loss runs, the survey report, and a set of judgments about how the operation is run. For a small fleet, those judg

Ten years after it took effect, Subchapter M is no longer a new regulation. It is the operating framework for the entire U.S. towing industry, and the phase-in that occupied everyone's attention between 2016 and 2022 is long finished. What has replaced it is a renewal cycle, and that cycle is producing a specific set of problems right now for operators who obtained their first Certificate of Inspection early. Requirements that were deferred for five years are coming due, and

In March 2014, OW Bunker listed on the Copenhagen exchange. It was Denmark's third largest company by revenue and the largest marine fuel supplier in the world. Eight months later it was in bankruptcy, thirteen banks were owed $750 million, and shipowners across every major trading region were discovering that they might have to pay for the same bunkers twice. The collapse produced a decade of litigation across multiple jurisdictions, a UK Supreme Court decision that reclassi

There is a version of the shadow fleet story that treats it as somebody else's problem. Sanctioned states move sanctioned oil on ships nobody reputable would touch, Western regulators chase them with designations, and operators running clean tonnage on legitimate trades watch from a safe distance. That version is wrong in a specific and expensive way. The shadow fleet now represents a large enough share of global tanker capacity that legitimate operators share water, anchorag

A deckhand on your towboat and a rigger on your dock can be injured on the same day, doing work that looks broadly similar, and be covered by two entirely different legal systems with different insurance policies behind them. Get the classification wrong and you have an injured employee, a claim your policy does not respond to, and a lawsuit your workers' compensation coverage was never designed to defend. For Gulf Coast operators, this is not an abstract legal question. Harb

Anyone who built a Venezuela compliance policy eighteen months ago is working from a document that is now actively misleading. In the space of six months the United States has gone from maintaining one of its most restrictive sanctions programs, including a quarantine of shadow fleet tankers lifting Venezuelan crude, to issuing more than a dozen general licenses that specifically authorize chartering vessels, obtaining marine insurance, and dealing with Venezuelan port author

There is a gap at the center of the marine fuel industry that catches operators out with striking regularity. A cargo of fuel can be delivered fully compliant with the ISO 8217 specification stated in the contract, pass an independent laboratory test against every parameter in the relevant table, and still wreck an engine. The specification and the engine's tolerance are two different things, set by two different bodies, for two different purposes, and the distance between th

Buying fuel looks, from a distance, like buying anything else. You ask for a price, you accept one, the product arrives, you pay. In practice, a bunker stem is a sequence of six or seven distinct stages, each generating its own document, and the buyer's leverage in any subsequent dispute is determined almost entirely by what was done, or not done, at the right stage. The uncomfortable truth of most bunker claims is that they were lost before anyone knew there was a problem. T

The $500 per package liability limit under the US Carriage of Goods by Sea Act is one of the most litigated provisions in American maritime law. It is also one of the most consequential for anyone with cargo moving to or from the United States, because when a carrier invokes it successfully, the gap between what cargo is actually worth and what the carrier owes can be enormous. A container of electronics worth $2 million becomes a $500 claim if the carrier can establish that

If you have been buying insurance for any length of time, whether for a vessel, a cargo program, or a commercial operation, you've noticed that premiums do not move in a straight line. Some years the market feels competitive, underwriters are flexible, and capacity seems abundant. Other years the same coverage costs significantly more, terms tighten, and underwriters who were previously eager for your business become selective or absent entirely. This is not arbitrary. It is

Every major demurrage dispute begins somewhere. In the vast majority of voyage charter party claims, the starting point is not the cargo, not the port, and not the rate. It is a single document that determines when the laytime clock begins to run. That document is the Notice of Readiness (NOR), and its deceptively simple function, notifying the charterer that the vessel has arrived and is ready to perform, generates more litigation in the English courts and before London arbi

In normal market conditions, demurrage disputes are a routine feature of the shipping industry; frustrating, often contentious, but generally predictable in their mechanics. In a market shaped by the kind of disruption we are currently seeing in the Persian Gulf, with vessels stranded, ports congested, and voyage timelines collapsing, demurrage claims are going to multiply in volume and complexity at a rate the industry has not seen in decades. What Demurrage Actually Is Demu

Insurance Policies Breakdown Insurance is one of those things most people think about only when something goes wrong. By then, the question is no longer what coverage costs, it's whether you have the right kind. This is a straightforward breakdown of what Nord Young offers across both marine and commercial lines, what each coverage type actually does, and why it matters to the businesses we work with. We work with clients on both sides of the industry divide. Whether you're